Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Subgrade soils prior to the application of topsoil see permanent seeding and stabilization notes for topsoil requirements shall be free of excessive compaction to a depth of 6. Compaction mechanism, factors affecting compaction, effect of compaction on soil properties, density moisture content relationship in compaction test, standard and modified proctor compaction tests, field compaction methods, relative compaction, compaction control. In this state, soil has very little or no loadbearing ability. Introduction to soil mechanics geotechnical engineering. Vibration impact kneading pressure soil compaction soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. Compaction curves should be prepared for all types of soil in the project area, before earthwork commences.
Soil compaction can be induced by a natural cause as with the case of heavy impact of rain drops or by anthropogenic causes including. Fce 311 geotechnical engineering i osn lecture notes university of nairobi page 1 1 overview 1. Mould and soil, after making soil flush with the mould edges, are. Any soil that has been transported from its place of origin by wind, water, ice or some other agency, and has been redeposited, is called a transported soil. In construction, this is a significant part of the building process. Pdf soil compaction was estimated on 17 construction sites and bulk densities were measured from the soil surface to depths of 1. Moisture content of the soil is vital to proper compaction.
Ce6405 notes soil mechanics regulation 20 anna university. Compaction test proctor test civil engineering notes. To collect and classify soils and their physical properties on the basis of fundamental knowledge of soil mechanics. This document is highly rated by civil engineering ce students and has been viewed 346 times. To develop suitable soil testing devices and soil testing methods. Smooth wheeled rollers pneumatic tyred rollers all soils crushed. Soil mechanics in engineering practice lectures soil mechanics introduction and definition soil mechanics is defined as the application of the laws and principles of mechanics and hydraulics to engineering problems dealing with soil as an engineering material. Compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles. Soils are used to support structures, to support pavement for highways, airport and dams. Any book for crop physiologyor plant physiologyand books agronomy pg studies. In the mould, the weighed soil is compacted in 3 layers giving 25 blows per layer with the 2.
Earthworks and soil compaction compaction behavior of soils control of compaction difficulties in compacting clays compaction of granular and nonplast. A soil that is formed by weathering of the parent rock and still occupies the position of the rock from which it has been formed, is called a residual soil. Compaction of soil is an important process, as it helps it of achieve certain physical properties necessary for its proper behaviour under loading. The objective of compaction is to remove air voids from the soil.
The principal reason for compacting soil is to reduce subsequent settlement under working loads. Compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Some types of soils may be used in their natural state, while others may be. Manual compaction device complying with aashto t99. A great deal of judgment is required when performing such work. Copeland 2 abstract although soil compaction appears as a simple reduction in soil volume, the effects on the soil are far more complex and influence many processes. Soil type, grain size, shape of the soil grains, amount and type of clay minerals present and the specific gravity of soil solids, have a great influence on the unit dry density and omc. Rain, for example, may transform soil into a plastic state or even into a liquid. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Factors affecting compaction soil type soil type, grain size, shape of the soil grains, amount and type of clay minerals present and the specific gravity of the soil solids, have a great influence on the dry unit weight and optimum moisture content uniformly graded sand or poorly graded in nature is difficult to compact them. Factors influencing compaction civil engineering notes. Intelligent compaction implementation on iowa i80us 65 project application notes in 20, iowa dots i80 and us 65 interchange mainline and ramp widening project served as an intelligent compaction ic testing ground. Compaction of soils is achieved by reducing the volume of voids.
Apr 29, 2020 compaction of soil civil engineering ce notes edurev is made by best teachers of civil engineering ce. Review 1 compaction is the process by which loose soils are applied to a construction site and densified. To investigate the physical properties of soil and. Soil has many different meanings, depending on the field of study. Ahmed soil mechanics note chapter seven compaction. In poorly graded soils, dry unit density initially decreases as the moisture content increases, and then increases to a maximum value with further increase in. Finegrained and cohesive soils may be compacted in the laboratory by falling weights and. Ce6405 notes soil mechanics unit i soil classification and compaction ce6405 notes nature of soil phase relationships soil description and classification for engineering purposes, their significance index properties of soils bis classification system soil compaction theory, comparison of laboratory and field compaction. A proven old practice to improve soil productivity pdf, 350kb crop residue removal for biomass energy production pdf, 385kb managing cool, wet soils pdf, 400kb soil quality urban technical notes.
Moisture content is calculated when checking moisture content. Erosion and sedimentation on construction sites pdf. To develop rational soil sampling devices and soil sampling methods. Air during compaction of soil is expelled from the void space in the soil mass and therefore the mass density is increased. Compaction, in general, is the densification of soil by removal of air, which requires mechanical energy.
This document is highly rated by civil engineering ce students and has been viewed 1688 times. Low soil oxygen levels caused by soil compaction are the primary factor limiting plant growth in landscape. Ppt compaction of soil civil engineering ce notes edurev. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its. Compaction of soil is done to improve the engineering properties of the soil. Soil compaction is the compression of soil particles. Detection, prevention, and alleviation pdf, 320kb sodbased rotations. To impart knowledge to classify the soil based on index properties and to assess their engineering properties based on the classification. Compaction of soil is the pressing of soil particles close to each other by mechanical methods. Part ii1 soil composition, index properties and soil classification pdf 1. Site investigation prior to commencement of any road construction project involving site formation work, site investigation is carried out to establish the geological profile along the road alignment. As water is added to a soil at low moisture content it becomes easier for the particles to move past one another during the application of the compacting.
Ce8491 notes soil mechanics regulation 2017 anna university. The response of soil to moisture is very important, as the soil must carry the load yearround. Moisture density tests involve compacting a soil at a number of different water contents w with a specific. Introduction to soil science icar ecourse pdf books. Compaction of soil purpose and effects of soil compaction. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of. Reduces settling of soil types of compaction there are four types of compaction effort on soil or asphalt. Chapter 7 compaction of soil notes, soil mechanics, civil engineering notes for civil engineering ce is made by best teachers who have written some of the best books of civil engineering ce. If different soils are mixed, then check points should be calculated to ascertain the optimum moisture level for the soil mixture being placed and tested. Soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of. Ratio of total energy given in heavy compaction test to that given in light compaction test 4. Smooth wheeled rollers pneumatic tyred rollers all. Compaction of soil is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio and increase soil density. Causes, effects, management in bareroot nurseries 1 because organic residues can significantly reduce r.
Compaction of soil lecture 31 geotechnical engineering. Soil mechanics lectures, class notes, research manuals. Control compaction at a minimum of select from 90% 98% maximum dry density and within. If performed improperly, settlement of the soil could occur and result in unnecessary maintenance costs or structural failure.
Very often, samples are taken by borehole drilling for tests including, particle size. More importantly it significantly reduces the amount of large pore space, restricting air and water movement into and through the soil. Geotechnical engineering made easy gate handwritten notes pdf. Soil compaction fundamentals of soil mechanics for. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. Apr 22, 2020 ppt compaction of soil civil engineering ce notes edurev is made by best teachers of civil engineering ce. Weight of the mould without base plate and collar is taken. Compaction of soil civil engineering ce notes edurev. Simplistically, compaction may be defined as the process in which soil particles are forced closer together with the resultant reduction in air voids. There are four types of compaction effort on soil or asphalt.
The principal reason for compacting soil is to reduce subsequent settlement under. Compaction of soil test methods and effect on properties. If you are dealing with a contractor who has not previously worked in the area, you should be wary. Most contractors get a feel for these figures, based on their local experience. Static compaction from top and bottom of soil sample turnbull 1950, cited by lambe and. Note that if e emin, id 1 and the soil is in its densest state. Geotechnical engineering i notes pdf gte i notes pdf. For fine soil, 810% of water and for coarse soil, 45% of water is added. Fce 311 geotechnical engineering lecture notes final2. Defination of compaction the densification of soil by the application of mechanical energy is known as compaction 2 1 1w1 v1 2w1v2 4. Compaction, i n general, is the densificatio n of soil by removal of air, which requires m echanical energ y. Compaction mechanism, factors affecting compaction, effect of compaction on soil properties, density moisture content relationship in compaction. The geotechnical engineering i notes pdf gte i notes pdf book starts with the topics covering soil formation soil structure and clay mineralogy, grain size analysis, soil water capillary rise flow of water through soils, neutral and effective stresses, immediate settlement primary consolidation and secondary consolidation stress.